Quick answer
In England, all homes must have smoke alarms on every floor and a carbon monoxide alarm in any room with a solid fuel appliance. New builds and major renovations require interlinked alarms.
Since 2022, the Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Alarm (England) Regulations require all homes in England (rented and owner-occupied) to have: a smoke alarm on every storey used as living accommodation, and a carbon monoxide alarm in any room with a fixed combustion appliance (gas boiler, wood burner, open fire — but not gas cookers). Landlords must also ensure alarms are working at the start of each tenancy. In new builds and major renovations, alarms must be mains-powered and interlinked (if one triggers, all sound). For existing homes, battery alarms are acceptable. In Scotland, since 2022, all homes must have interlinked smoke and heat alarms. Wales and Northern Ireland have similar but slightly different requirements.
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